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Drying Mushrooms Did you know that mature boletes, craterellus, candy caps, morels, and several other mushrooms can actually taste even better after being dried and then reconstituted? by Deb Member drying freshly picked wild mushrooms while camping. Photo by Katherine Elvin Advantages of drying mushrooms Doesn’t require freezer space. Some mushrooms actually improve with dehydration. For example, drying is good for mature boletes, craterellus, Suillus spp ., candy caps, pine spikes (yes!), winter chanterelles, Russula spp ., Marasmius oreades , and morels. Disadvantages of drying mushrooms Can be detrimental to quality and texture of certain mushrooms. For example, drying is not so good for chanterelles, oysters, lobster mushrooms, and amanitas. Objective: Storage/Prep Total Time: Suggested Mushrooms: Boletus sp. (bolete) Chroogomphus sp. Craterellus calicornucopioides (black trumpet, black chanterelle, horn of plenty) Lactarius rubidus (candy cap) Marasmius oreades (fairy ring mushroom, fairy ring champignon, Scotch bonnet) Morchella sp. ( morel) Suillus sp. Equipment and/or Ingredients Dehydrator Vacuum sealable containers Method Drying Directions Slice cleaned mushrooms approximately ¼” thick. Dry in dehydrator at lower temperature (100°-115°F) until potato chip crisp. Cool before packaging for storage. Alternate drying methods include utilizing screens in the sun or over heating vents inside. (A little candy cap aromatherapy, anyone?) Storing Dried Mushrooms Some people like to store dried mushrooms in glass containers on the shelf. Others prefer storing them in the freezer to discourage bugs that may have survived dehydration. Still others pack in Mason jars and vacuum seal with a Foodsaver attachment, effectively suffocating the little buggers. This way jars can be stored on the shelf but insect activity is minimized or eliminated. Dried mushrooms can also be powdered in a coffee or spice grinder for later use. Many favor separating bolete tubes from flesh, then drying and powdering the tubes. Previous Technique All Techniques Next Technique

News & Stories / Notes from the CEO — March 2001 O craterellus You are hidden in plain sight One, two, then many! Deb • March 1, 2001 Stereum hirsutum. © Lisa Tesler (CC-BY-NC) (from inaturalist.org, obs. 341611905) I hope everyone has gone out and returned with full baskets at least once so far. The season has been a bit erratic In the rain department and we may not have had a great variety of species, but bolete, chanterelle and craterellus hunting have certainly been good. FFSC's second annual Black's Beach Cafe dinner on February 6th was a huge success! Chef Robert Morris orchestrated a great menu and the courses just kept on coming. Bob Wynn again made wonderful arrangements for the evening, and Marilyn Fenn (our official culinary concierge) handled the reservations beautifully. Bob Sellers observed that it's rare to be served a dish in which you find more craterellus than broccoli. Of course, Bob picked much of it himself! Many thanks to Bob Sellers. Bob Wynn. Phil Carpenter and Fred Chin, who donated fresh craterellus, hedgehogs, chanterelles and dried boletes. And thanks to our Minister of Culinary Events, Rene Seltzer, for her support and good cheer. The Albion II foray was a great success. Rain came down In buckets prior to the foray. While the Bay Area was being drenched, we happily picked mushrooms and basked in the sun. Horst Kuhlmann worked hard to maximize available spaces for the foray, which was again a sell-out. Well done, Horst! Don't miss the upcoming General Meetings. Phyllis Cole has arranged an outstanding slate of speakers, including Nancy Weber from Oregon State University speaking about "Mushrooms Around the House" for the March meeting; Ernst Both discussing Boletes in April; and Tom Volk covering fungal systematics in May. Meetings are also a good time to see what's coming up in the area and get an ID consult on mushrooms you've found. See you at the meeting, Debbie Johnson, CEO Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Notes from the CEO — April 2001 Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

Hygrocybe miniata gp. Photo by Hugh Smith Hygrocybe Miniata Group Hugh Smith It takes a sharp eye to find this little waxy cap, especially for those of us that are color-challenged! Hygrocybe miniata , or those in that group differing in minute ways, are very colorful little mushrooms that grow in a variety of habitats including rotting wood and moss, as these were. These were fresh since they are still quite red. As they age, they frequently fade to dull orange to yellow, which often leads to mis-identification when found in this state... Camera Canon EOS REBEL T3i Focal L. 50mm Aperture f/32.0 Shutter Sp. 1/2s ISO 100 Flash Off Photo taken on September 14, 2013 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

Beef, Porcini, and Merlot Ragout with Blue Cheese This recipe is perfect winter comfort food, especially if you're lucky enough to find fresh boletes. by Cecilia Stipes Boletus edulis var. grandedulis. © Liam O'Brien (CC-BY-NC) (from inaturalist.org, obs. 4534479) Method Cut beef into ¼" to ⅓" thick slices across the grain (i.e., perpendicular to the lines of the muscle fibers). Chop each slice into bite-sized pieces. Heat a large skillet with olive oil on medium-high to high heat, until the oil is shimmering and slightly smoking. Add the beef and stir occasionally until a golden-brown crust forms. Remove beef from skillet to rest. Brown oregano, thyme, rosemary, onions and garlic in olive oil and Worcestershire sauce until soft. Add the seared beef back to the skillet. Add 2 cups beef broth and the Merlot. Simmer over low heat for 1 ½ hours, or until meat is fork tender. Add porcini and simmer until they release water (10 to 15 minutes). In a small bowl, blend 3 Tbsp. flour into remaining 1 cup beef broth, whipping until you have a completely smooth slurry. Add slurry to beef and cook on low heat until slightly thickened. Just before serving, fold blue cheese in. Recipe contributed: December 2008 Serve it over pappardelle, polenta, or rice as a rich meat sauce; or as a hearty stew with a slice of toasted crusty sourdough. Objective: Sauce / topping / stuffing Total Time: About 2 ¼ hours Yield: 8 to 10 servings Suggested Mushrooms: Chanterelle (Cantharellus californicus, Cantharellus formosus, Cantharellus subalbidus) Giant cypress Agaricus (Agaricus lilaceps) Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus osecanus) Pavement mushroom (Agaricus bitorquis) Porcini (Boletus edulis, Boletus regineus, Boletus rex-veris) Portobello/portabella, champignon, cremini, button (Agaricus bisporus) Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) The Prince (Agaricus augustus) Join FFSC or renew your membership to access the rest of this content. Join FFSC Login as an FFSC member to access the rest of this content. Login Ingredients 1 Tbsp. olive oil 2 Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce 3 sprigs fresh oregano (adjust to taste), chopped 3 sprigs fresh thyme (adjust to taste), chopped ¼ cup chopped fresh rosemary 2 large yellow onions, chopped 3 cloves garlic (adjust to taste) 2 lbs. lean beef (e.g., London broil) 3 cups beef broth 4 heaping cups sliced porcini* 1 ⅓ cups Merlot wine 3 oz. chopped blue cheese Rice, noodles, polenta, or bread to accompany If you don't have porcini, try portobello, cremini, shiitake, The Prince, giant cypress agaricus, horse mushroom, pavement mushroom, maitake, or chanterelles. Previous Recipe All Recipes Next Recipe

A Little Buggy. Photo by Karen Hilker A Little Buggy Karen Hilker During a walk in the Sierra, I snapped some pictures of a light tan blob on a charred tree... Camera Canon PowerShot S3 IS Focal L. 6mm Aperture f/2.7 Shutter Sp. 1/200s ISO Flash Off Photo taken on July 8, 2011 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

Alone by the Log... Albion II (2013). Photo by Hugh Smith Alone by the Log Hugh Smith Read up about Hygrocybe sp . in our Featured Fungi pages: Hygrocybe laetissima (Waxy Caps) Hygrocybe singeri, Western Witch's Hat Camera Canon EOS Rebel T3i Focal L. 18mm Aperture f/22.0 Shutter Sp. 8s ISO 100 Flash Off Photo taken on January 26, 2013 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

Marasmius plicatulus This species has a lot of features setting it apart from the rest of it’s marasmioid brethren: electric-sunset stipe coloration, oddly wiry-stipes (often tipped in pom-poms of creamy-white mycelium), and finely velvety caps often covered in beaded-up water droplets. by Christian Schwarz Marasmius plicatilis. Photo by Christian Schwarz We’ve probably all run across Marasmius plicatulus during our walks in the woods; the tall, brightly-colored fruitbodies occur in many kinds of habitats every year, often in large troops. And what an excellent little mushroom to be so familiar. But how many of us have given much thought to the geographic range and morphological variation of this species? A quick search on mushroomobserver.org (hereafter referred to as ‘MO’) gives us the following map of observations for this species (the first was as of 2015, and the second was as of 2025): Some interesting points to take note of: As we try and familiarize ourselves with any species, it’s always a good idea to try and describe the its range in one or two simple sentences. For this one, I’d summarize it as: Pacific states, primarily coastal, common. More detailed looks at the notes and photos of these individual observations would show that it inhabits almost any kind of habitat: pine, cypress, oak, fir, spruce, really any place with trees and sufficient duff on the ground. The glaring gap in southern Oregon – this is almost certainly due to the lack of observers in the area, not an actual disjunction in the distribution of the species. Just goes to show how important citizen scientists are in our effort to document the distribution of macrofungi. (Going on a beer tasting tour to Oregon’s Arch Rock Brewing Company? Take a photo of Marasmius plicatulus while you are in Curry County and help us fill in the gap on the map!) The apparent southern limit around Los Angeles – does this species really not occur in San Diego County? A quick message to Bonni McKintosh of the San Diego Mycological Society confirmed my memory that it’s common there (especially under shrubs like Toyon and Laurel Sumac)! So why the gap? Once again, lack of participation on mushroomobserver.org. Public databases like this are absolutely dependent on their users for data! A closer look at the map would show a few observations away from the coast and a bit closer to the central valley, but none from the Sierra foothills or higher elevations. Now that we’ve got a basic sense of the distribution of this species, let’s look at the morphological variation, specifically with regard to color. The montage below shows two typical forms (from the mainland and Santa Cruz Island, of the Channel Islands), and two less-common forms. The photos show four color forms of Marasmius plicatulus (in z-order): Photo 1: The typical coastal form, with a red cap, and fairly dark stem showing a gradient of stipe color from black near the base to orange, pink, or white near the apex. Photo 2: A fairly typical form found on Santa Cruz Island, with very bright magenta and pink colors on the stipe, and nearly cherry-red caps. Photo 3: the most unusually-colored fruitbodies of this species I’ve ever encountered; completely pastel-pink, with hardly a trace of orange, and none of the characteristic black or brown stipe pigmentation. Photo 4: An orange-brown form (almost entirely lacking pink and red colors) from Santa Cruz Island, where it was nearly as common as the more typical form. The orange-brown color form in the fourth photo is far from restricted to Santa Cruz Island; in fact, fruitbodies showing these colors are more commonly found in the northern reaches of this species’ range on the mainland, where the typical red form is also present. Most of the “Orange-brown Form” currently on M.O. are from Oregon: Sava Krstic’s , Daniel Wheeler’s 14662, Britney Ramsey’s 80819, 61364, and 59467; although there are a few from northern California: Darvin DeShazer’s 122671 and Douglas Smith’s 17325; Noah Siegel has also found it in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park in Del Norte County. * Note: to search for any of the observations listed above, go to mushroomobserver.org and type or paste the observation number into the search bar at the top of the page. So what accounts for the color variation in this species? Climatic conditions don’t seem to explain the pattern, since three of the forms have been found growing right next to each other. Partially (or completely?) reproductively-isolated populations combined with random drift in pigment genes? Possibly, but it’ll take a lot of work to prove that hypothesis. Simple standing variation between freely-interbreeding populations? Possibly, but why are the bulk of orange-brown forms found north of Mendocino County? And even then, they co-occur with the “Red Form”; do any of fruitbodies in these areas show intermediate coloration? All these questions remain to be answered as of the time of this writing. As I hope I’ve shown with this article, we have much to learn about even the most common and familiar mushrooms. No area is too small, no question too basic! Get out there and document what you see. Take notes, take pictures, take specimens for an herbarium. With the help of citizen scientists like you, we’ll make more rapid progress to a Mycoflora of North America. Photos © Christian Schwarz Mushrooms covered: Marasmius plicatulus (red pinwheel) Previous Description All Featured Fungi Next Description

News & Stories / Writings Stories from the April 1, 2009 Issue of Duff FFSC members foraged far to fetch mycological miscellanea for this month's issue of Duff ... Sue Willis • April 1, 2009 Amanitas. Photo by Bob Sellers New Supplement Makes Virtually Every Foray Fruitful! One of the first questions I encounter when identifying a mushroom for beginners is, "Is it edible?" Well, edible or the Latin word edulis means fit to be eaten, and is often used to contrast with unpalatable or poisonous examples. However, edibility is in the mouth of the beholder, because a lot of fungi are edible but not "tasty" (my narrow experiential definition of edible). So herein is the dichotomy, "Yes, the mushrooms are edible, but so is cardboard with leftover pizza sauce" (often more tasty than the fungus my novices are inquiring about). Is it edible? Photo by Bob Sellers This dichotomy is about to change. Handheld Enterprises , a large vitamin and food supplements pro-ducer in Scotts Valley, CA will soon be marketing a capsule that makes nearly every mushroom edible! Called Fungedible ™, this herbal supplement containing the compound sillymarin, derived from silk thistle, will when ingested, make Russulas refreshing, Sarcodons scrumptuous, those jumbo Gymnopilus gustatory (it's about time!), Paxillus prominently palatable, Leucopaxillus lip smackin' good, and Cortinarii comestible. Have you got a favorite patch of Entolomas?Never mind, a couple capsules taken before cooking will render those fruiting bodies extremely enticing to eat. The package insert says to ingest several capsules at least an hour before eating any mushrooms to give the silly-marin time to deaden the user's nervous system and taste buds. However, the supplement is not to be used with hepatotoxic Amanitas and others because it doesn't neutralize mushroom toxins in these species. The FFSC expects to have this supplement in its stores in time for next year's mushroom season. Happy April Fool’s Day! Bob Sellers Minister of Local Forays and longtime toadstool tester Wandering in the Wilderness With(out) Bob! Foray to Snipehunt State Park. Bring a compass and water. Foray leader Bob Sellers will lead a group into, but not out of, this uncharted territory, leaving only a trail of morels as your guide back to the parking lot. Participants on the foray will do their best to ditch you — yes, you! — and pretend they forgot you stepped off the trail for a moment to ... you know. Guaranteed to be fun for those in the know! Meet at the Snipehunt State Park, Futility Trailhead at 10 AM, Wednesday, April 1st. Confirm details before you depart. New Rules for State Parks Starting September 2009, it will be a misdemeanor to leave established trails in state parks, according to new rules established by the California Department of Parks and Recreation. Parks Director Ron Sterns says, “when people get off trail, it’s usually an excuse to do bad things, like pick mushrooms and wild berries. This has to stop!” Marks added that, “taking mushrooms and berries from our parks is a bad, bad thing. It’s just plain theft of state park resources.” Every time a mushroom is taken from the park, an animal goes hungry, he claims. Sterns says he is aware of mushroom collecting tricksters who wear binoculars and carry copies of Sierra maga-zine to throw off rangers. “Seen every trick in the book,” says Sterns, “and my binoculars are bigger.” Mushroom Named for New President A mushroom new to science was recently found on the outskirts of Washington DC recently. To honor President Barack Obama, the mushroom will be named Barack obamaensis . The fruiting body has a large cap with evenly spaced gills and sits on a firm stalk. This mushroom which is believed to be mycorrhizal with the common Aprilus foolus tree. Well Known Author to Host Dinner and Mushroom Event David Arora was truly inspired by this year’s remarkable FFSC Fungus Fair. During the two days he spent at the fair, he chatted with old friends, cer-tified the ID of several fungi in the displays, and offered advice to newcomers. In fact, he was so moved that he has invited the entire membership of the FFSC to his home near Gualala this summer. In a letter to CEO Bill White, he expressed his gratitude for the fine accom-plishments of the club. He noted the obvious focus on mushrooms at the fair, and he praised the members of the FFSC for their hospitality. In return, said Arora, “I want to give back to the club that has done so much to engender mushroom education in the Bay Area.” Arora promises a full day of activities, including a tour of his African collections, the famed koi pond, and a personal tour of his 100 acre property. Breaking News During the height of last year’s bolete season, mycologists from UC Berkeley swarmed over David Arora’s property, noting the GPS location of each porcini in its natural habitat. As part of a long term study, every specimen will become part of a scientific study into the growth patterns and locations as the host trees age. We have just learned that a laptop containing this valuable data has been stolen from the Department of Mycological Studies. The alleged thief may not know that the porcini study is on the computer’s hard drive, but we’ve heard on the street that the value of the GPS data is higher than the value of the laptop. Happy April Fools Day, David Rust East Bay Duff Correspondent Book Review: Churning Up the Duff Churning Up the Duff by Debbie Viess, paperback, Nine Speed Press, 2009 Churning up the Duff is a must-read for any mushroom club member in California and beyond. This startling expose, an insiders’ look into the social anthropology of local mushroom clubs, chronicles the voyages of 'Amanitarita' through interviews and stories gathered for nearly a decade. Her analysis of the social mores and culture of key players rivals Gary Alan Fine’s Morel Tales . Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Stories from the April 1, 2010 Issue of Duff Stories from the April 1, 2011 Issue of Duff Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

News & Stories / Mycology & Art News Spring Fungi of the Sierra Nevada, June 2013 Dr. Dennis Desjardin will introduce students to the different kinds of mushrooms and other large fungi that occur in the spring in the Sierra Nevada. Marje Young • May 1, 2013 Morel, the Magnificent Morel (2013). Photo by Hugh Smith Emphasis will be placed on the analysis of macro – and micromorphological features, as well as ecological roles, to aid in the identification of taxa. The daily class routine consists of an 8:00-10:00 am lecture followed by a field trip until approx. 3:00 pm. Transportation on the field trips will be by car pooling. Upon return to the camp, collections will be examined and identified in the laboratory (3:30-6:00 pm) in collaboration with the instructor and a knowledgeable graduate student assistant. All equipment, microscope slides, cover slips and reagents required for accurate determination of specimens will be provided. In the evenings, several lectures and slide shows will be presented, and the laboratory will be open for additional work on collections. If sufficient quantities of edible fungi are collected, they will be prepared for consumption and served to the class by the camp’s chef. Class Schedule: Participants should plan to arrive Sunday afternoon in time to attend an orientation lecture on Sunday evening at 8:00 pm. The last class meeting ends at noon on Friday. Tuition: $348 Accommodation (additional fee) details : http://www.sfsu.edu/~sierra/Accommodations.html Details and registration information can be found online at http://www.sfsu.edu/~sierra/Course_Fungi.html Dues-paying FFSC members interested in an FFSC Scholarship to help fund your attendance should contact Marje Young. Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Spring Fungi of the Sierra Nevada, 2014 Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

News & Stories / Field Reports Albion II 2002: Species List We found over 125 species at our Albion II foray. Henry Young • March 1, 2002 Cortinarius smithii. © Warren Cardimona (CC-BY-NC) (from inaturalist.org, ID 195239153) Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts 2002 Albion I Foray: Species List Albion II 2003: Foray Recap and Species List Albion I Foray, December 2003 Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

News & Stories / Stewardship CEO's Epistle to the Fungophiles: May 2000 As our fungal year comes to a close I'd like to thank everyone for making my first year as CEO so enjoyable and rewarding. The FFSC is really an extraordinary group, made up of remarkable individuals. Deb • May 1, 2000 Laetiporus gilbertsonii. © Cory Russell (CC-BY-NC) (from inaturalist.org, obs. 365066480) The most important trait all of you share is the ability to keep the "fun in fungus'. Thanks to all the ministers who planned, wrote, taught. cooked, called, organized, and otherwise kept everything afloat and in good order. Horst Kuhlman will be taking over the Long Distance Foray post from Pete Gonda next year. Many thanks for putting together all those great trips, Pete. Horst's broad backgroun. travel planning will be put to good use. With Horst taking over LD Forays we find ourselves without a Secretary. The position of Secretary involves taking minutes at the monthly Ministers' meetings. Knowledge of mushrooms is not required, but keyboard skills are a plus. We meet each month for dinner, board meeting and socializing at one of our homes, and generally have a great time. This is a good way to get to know more about the FFSC and the people who make it work. If this sounds interesting, please give me a call. Mark your calendars and call for reservations soon for the Echo Summit and Lakeland Village Forays. They both take place in September, but reservations need to be in by the mid July for Lakeland Village, and Echo always fills up quickly. Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts CEO's Epistle to the Fungophiles: September 2000 Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

News & Stories / Stewardship In Memoriam 2010 We are sad to report that over the summer, two FFSC members, Larry Stickney and Horst Kuhlmann, passed on to the great mushroom forest in the sky. They will be dearly missed. Deb • September 1, 2010 In memoriam. Photo by Hugh Smith Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article