Mushroom Cloud Over Silicon Valley. Photo by Dan Turkus Mushroom Cloud Over Silicon Valley Dan Turkus I was out in the hills of Los Gatos looking for mushrooms and saw this mushroom cloud over the Silicon Valley. I took out my phone and took a picture of the only mushroom I found on that day, March 9, 2015. Camera Samsung SCH-I545 Focal L. 4mm Aperture f/2.2 Shutter Sp. ISO 50 Flash Off Photo taken on March 9, 2015 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

News & Stories / Field Reports 2013 Sierra Scouting Report Last weekend I drove up Hwy 50 looking for Porcini. At Wrights lake, I found one buggy Bolete and several cuttings. A forest service employee who lives there told me they had a thunderstorm 3 weeks earlier - nothing since. Mark Gillespie • September 12, 2013 Porcini (bolete) (from a Spring foray) Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts 2016 March Sierra Report Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

Must-Know to Participate in Long-Distance Forays Please review these tips before participating in our long-distance forays. Amanita muscaria on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Photo by Ron Bader FFSC Long Distance forays are open to FFSC members only. All trips require appropriate physical conditioning. If you have special medical requirements or any condition that might affect your ability to participate in the trip, it is your responsibility to inform the trip leader before departure. If you must cancel a reservation, inform the leader promptly. The deposit or reservation requirements and refund policy of each trip are available from the trip leader. Please obtain and review them prior to making your deposit or reservation. Please note that the leaders of our trips are FFSC members who serve in a volunteer capacity and assume no responsibility above that of trip organizer. While our trip leaders are not paid professionals, they are encouraged to participate in training to increase their mushroom ID and mycology skills. All outings officially begin at the trailhead. Planning for Your Trip Remember to verify any listed dates with the trip coordinator before you make long-range vacation plans. Sometimes dates initially selected have to be changed. The payment of a reservation or a deposit does not necessarily confirm you as a member on the trip. Participants must be approved by the trip leader. After you register for a trip, the leader will notify you of your acceptance in a timely manner. The trip cost normally covers lodging, camping and park fees, and club administrative overhead. The trip leaders are volunteers. Food and camping gear are to be supplied by the participants. Please note that when trip prices are listed before tickets become available, the prices may be tentative. You should understand that activities on this trip (or any trip of this nature) contain inherent risks, including injury, illness, and potentially death. Those who participate in forays assume all of the risks and will hold the FFSC, its agents, and leaders harmless from any and all responsibility, negligence, actions, or suits of any kind or nature whatsoever, for loss or damage to property or personal injuries sustained during these outings. The Foray Ministers, a volunteer committee that governs the Long Distance Forays program, regrets the need for this requirement. Participants make their own carpooling arrangements if desired. Generally a note posted on the FFSC Google Group is effective. FFSC does not provide insurance for carpooling arrangements and assumes no liability for them. Carpooling, ride sharing or any similar activity is strictly a private arrangement among the participants. Participants assume the risks associated with this travel. Members Only Content Login Join FFSC

"Fungi and Feline" (Psathyrella sp.) Photo by Mari Stauffer Fungi and Feline Mari Stauffer Howard Taken by by phone upside down on the grass. "Feline grace and lithe" appearance of the mushrooms along with the original feline in the background. Psathyrella genus? (Likely either Psathyrella corrugis or P. bipellis .) Camera Phone Focal L. Aperture Shutter Sp. ISO Flash Photo taken on December 31, 2018 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

News & Stories / Writings Reality Check: Dispelling a Myth Have you ever walked down a trail you know, searching for mushrooms you had missed? What was different? Your perspective? So was mine--I could not recognize ground I covered from a different direction. I was lost. Henry Young • January 26, 2015 Forest at Kings Fire (2015). Photo by Yevgeny Nyden (Reprinted from FFSC's original Duff newsletter, 1998) After getting rained out on this year's annual Eldorado camping foray, Phil and I decided to return several weeks later based on reports from a friend of good hunting. We drove up Friday evening, June 5, arriving at the campground about 10:30 PM. First things first, we each had a beer. Then we made a minimal camp. We decided that since we could see the moon through the clouds that it wouldn’t rain and didn’t set up the tent. Phil set out his tarp and sleeping bag at the base of a large pine. I set my gear down in the open. On a trip to the restroom I found three Boletus edulis with my flashlight! We both took this as a good sign and planned on checking the campground in the morning. Before dawn I awoke to a clear sky and stars. Not long after, with the first sounds of morning, birdsong greeting us, the day began. With daylight we had coffee and sweet rolls and headed for the burn. Forest at Kings Fire (2015). Photo by Yevgeny Nyden Burns, whether controlled burns or forest fires, are good places to hunt morels in the Sierra Nevada. This was a controlled burn from the previous year. Arriving at the burn, Phil recommended a road I was unfamiliar with, that ran along the ridge above the burn. The road I knew was a few hundred yards below the ridge.This road was more like a stream bed than a road. The surface was “gravel” composed of 3-6” rocks. The lower road was earthen and smoother. With the burn bounded by the two roads we had good reference points for knowing where we were in relation to the truck. We would hunt up and down the slope and move down the road, driving the truck up a few hundred yards at a time. At the first likely spot we looked, we found a few fresh morels in what I call bear clover (not sure of the species) a habitat where neither of us had previously found any fungi. Encouraged, we kept moving up the ridge, stopping, checking, and collecting a few here and there. We found good habitat after a couple of hours and collected several pounds of morels each. At about 11:30 AM we broke for lunch. Phil had those obnoxious sardines in hot sauce, cheese, pickles, and potato chips. “Have you had the fat free chips?”, he asked. “Try some, they’re really good”. I did, not bad. I had my usual chub of salami, cheese, bread and some fruit. Of course both of us had beer. While we had lunch we observed the skyline and Phil noticed a coolness in the air that presaged a storm. Since we had heard the weather prediction, thunderstorms starting late Saturday for the weekend we were not surprised and agreed to get off that road before the rain started. After lunch we went back for more morels. At one point Phil chose to go further down the slope. Starting to tire, I decided to head back up slope to the truck. As I went, I intentionally drifted east or to my right thinking to search areas we hadn’t been in before I got to the road. I expected to come out on the road above the truck and just walked down to the truck. When I got to the ridge there was the road and a nice patch of morels which I picked. I then started down the road to the truck but quickly realized that I was on a different road than the ridge road the truck was on. This road led down between two ridges. “How did this happen?”, I asked myself. As I had worked my way up the hill I kept the ridge in sight and felt that I was still below the ridge road. What I did not know was that the ridge road ended a short distance from the truck and I had gone past that point before reaching the ridge. The road I was on was on the next ridge over. It was then about 2PM and I wasn’t worried about time to find my way back yet. Thinking to retrace my path, I returned to the last morel patch and tried to figure which way led back the way I had come. I realized that I had gotten turned around and no longer knew which way to go. Have you ever walked down a trail you know, searching for mushrooms you had missed? What was different? Your perspective? So was mine, I could not recognize the ground I covered from a different direction. I was lost. In the hope that I was wrong, I started up the ridge road I was on. I thought that if I was on the right road I’d get to the truck in a few minutes. Five minutes became ten, then fifteen, at which point I turned around and started back to the morel patch. By this time I was fatigued and not thinking clearly. I had gone out wearing just a tee shirt and jeans, leaving my fanny pack with emergency supplies in the truck. I had no food and no water. As I walked, and I walk at a fast pace, I noticed that my hands were turning blue. I assumed that it was from oxygen deprivation, since the day was still warm and I was not chilled, and I stopped to catch my breath. After that I would walk for 24-40 paces, stop, and breath ten times and resume walking. When I got back to the morel patch reference pointI spent about fifteen more minutes frantically trying to figure which way to go. As I tried to hike through the woods, off road I got light headed and dizzy, my legs cramping. I returned to the road and decided on the direction that led out to North-South Road and headed down it. After what seemed to be a couple of miles, I decided that I had gone too far and was going in the wrong direction. I turned around thinking that I should have followed one of the first rules when lost, stay put . I wanted to get back to the last morel patch because I knew it was within a few hundred yards of the truck and Phil would at some point honk the horn on the truck and I could follow the sound back. Then it started raining. Meanwhile Phil was wondering where I was since we had agreed to get out before the rain started. After I had left him he hunted down the slope and back up. When he got to the truck and I wasn’t there he just figured that I was still hunting elsewhere so he went back out again. Returning the second time and finding that I still wasn’t there he got concerned. He started honking the horn and calling out to me. When he got no response he became worried that I might be hurt and unable to respond. He then searched the slope we had been hunting, up and down, side to side. Since I had not gotten lost in the twelve years we’ve hunted together, he held firm in his mind, “Henry doesn’t get lost” . So the only other explanation for my absence was that I was hurt. When it started raining he knew that something must be wrong and he got his rain gear on and hiked out to North-South Road, where some horsemen were camped. This was because I had the truck keys and had not given him a duplicate since we were not locking the truck. He explained the situation to them and one of them gave him a ride to the nearest phone at the campground to call for help. Phil started by calling 911, but they could not connect him to the ranger search and rescue team. He finally got the search and rescue phone number and called direct. The effort to find me, beyond Phil’s, had begun. It was a frustratingly slow start for Phil as it took over an hour to get anyone else into the woods to search. He and two sheriff’s deputies finally got back out to where the truck was and re-searched the slope we had been hunting on. By then it was 5:30PM and Phil was tiring from all of the hiking he had done that day but he still moved up and down the slope easier and faster than the two deputies half his age. With darkness approaching, the deputies call off the search in the woods and explained to Phil that they would drive the roads with lights and sirens on to give me something to hone in on. At this point Phil said, “Aren’t you going to keep looking? Give me a light and I will.” “No. We don’t need two missing persons.” “But I’m telling you, Henry doesn’t get lost. He must be hurt and down in this rain he won’t survive the night.” “We’re going to drive the roads. You stay with the truck in case he shows up.” “What are you going to do about me?”, Phil asked. “Can’t you sleep in the back of the truck?” “No, it’s wet and full of gear.” When the rain started I knew that I had to make a shelter and hope that a rescue effort would start soon. I needed shelter from the rain and the cold of night. I chose a cedar tree to build a lean-to against. I chose the cedar because of its thick canopy, hoping it would help shed the rain. I started building the lean-to with eight foot branches about 3 inches in diameter. I leaned three main poles against the tree and started cutting green boughs from other trees to layer over the poles. I then added pine duff and more boughs. Then two of the poles collapsed and all I had was a pile of debris. I fished out the poles, moved the boughs and duff out of the way and started over. I made the second attempt a bit smaller than the first, but it too collapsed. At that point, I remembered that for heat retention, smaller is better . My third attempt to build a lean-to was small , the poles only touching the tree about three feet up. Just enough so that sitting with my back to the tree I had just enough room. This time it worked. I piled and gathered and piled until at most all I could see when looking out was a few specks of daylight. I left one side open so I could get in and out. One side kept collapsing which let the breeze flow through – finally though it stabilized. It helped to drape green branches over the doorway to reduce airflow. By then I was soaked to the skin and my activity and adrenaline were not enough to keep me warm so I stuffed my T-shirt with pine needles for insulation . Around 4PM I reached the point of exhaustion and chill that I could not work on my lean-to any longer, so I crawled in to wait. After a while I started thinking, “There’s still lots of daylight, the rain is letting up, I could walk for ½ hour trying to get back, and if not, return to the shelter.” I crawled out of my shelter, picked up my basket and started walking. I reached a dirt bike road going up a short distance from my shelter and started up it. My legs protested with trembling and cramps. My head spun. “You idiot, get back to your shelter.” I did. Sitting in my little lean-to, I had a lot of time to think over all of the things I could or should have done. The first and most obvious was that I should have worn my fanny pack. Had I done so, I would have been warm and dry in my shelter rather than cold and soaked to the skin. Being tired, I should have just gone to the truck instead of hunting more. As anyone who knows me is aware I wear a bandana to keep the sweat out of my eyes. I took it off and squeezed as much water out of it as I could. I then retied it in triangular fashion over my head to help retain some body heat. A short while later I reached up and felt it, it was dry! If you are cold, cover your head . You lose a lot of body heat out the top of your head and a hat will help retain it . I wondered what Phil was thinking and doing. I hoped he’d realized I was lost by this time and had gone for help. I shivered and rubbed my arms, stuffed my shirt with more pine needles and waited for dark. A while before dark I did something I hadn’t done in years. I said a prayer. This was different though. I prayed to my mother who had died just over two weeks ago on May 20. I prayed to her because at her funeral service, Father Mike urged us to when we were in a time of need. It was short and simple, “Ma, please send someone to find your son”. With darkness I started the long wait for the return of daylight. After calling for search and rescue, Phil called home to have his wife Margaret pass the word that I was missing to Marje, my wife. Marje was spending her afternoon shopping. About the time it started raining on me she started feeling uneasy. At 4PM a voice inside said “Go home, now!”. So she did. Since Phil or I hadn’t called to say we’d be back in time for dinner, Marge made dinner plans with a friend. Then Margaret called with the news that I was missing. Marge’s concern was the same as Phil’s. “Henry doesn’t get lost, so he must be hurt.” Two Eldorado Park Rangers arrived on the scene and following directions headed to where my truck was. Whether the directions were inaccurate or in the darkness they missed the second road to the right I don’t know. They wound up taking the third road right. Sitting shivering, thinking, fearing the night and hypothermia, I heard the sound of a motor vehicle. Turning toward the sound I saw headlights and spotlights round a bend in the road. I was instantly out of the shelter shouting and whistling to get their attention. The vehicle started down a side road away from me when I heard a woman’s voice say, “Where are you?”. I was thinking, “Come up the road not down.”, but all I could shout was “Up, up, up.” They understood and drove up to where I was. I had been found. Getting out of the vehicle someone noticed my lean-to and said, “Built yourself a shelter, smart move.” At that point I was untucking my shirt and dumping out the pine needles. I must have been a sight. “What are the pine needles for?” “Insulation.” “Another smart move.” They made room for me in the truck, gave me the front passenger seat and cranked up the heat. The myth? Henry doesn’t get lost; dispelled. Henry got lost. Now read Phil's account of this day from a companion's point of view. Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Lost: The Companion's View Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

Wavy Caps (Psilocybe cyanescens) Psilocybe is the primary genus of hallucinogenic mushrooms, containing such famous species as Liberty Caps (P. semilanceata ), Cubes (P. cubensis), and the topic of this article, Wavy Caps (P. cyanescens ). ... Wavy caps specimens. Photo by Christian Schwarz Note from The Powers That Be: In the United States, psilocybin-containing mushrooms are classified as Schedule 1 drugs, illegal to possess, sell, transport, or cultivate. (This includes spores in the State of California.) The information on this page is provided for scientific and educational purposes only. Almost always encountered on wood chips, Psilocybe cyanescens is an aggressive ruderal species, fond of disturbance in urban areas. It is especially common in the cold, wet winter months around the San Francisco Bay. Through a combinatin of unintentional and intentional transplantation by humans and natural dispersal, it has spread widely throughout the United States. In California, it occurs at least as far south as San Diego County, although it is fairly rare south of Santa Cruz County. Psilocybe allenii is a recently-described species that is extremely similar in most respects. It is primarily differentiable by its less-wavy cap. See this link for more details: http://www.czechmycology.org/_cmo/CM64207.pdf Although only P. cyanescens and P. allenii occur with any regularity in Santa Cruz County, the further north one travels along the Pacific Coast, the more diverse the Psilocybe-assemblage becomes: P. baeocystis, P. azurescens, P. stuntzii, P. ovoideocystidiata, P. pelliculosa, and P. semilanceata all occur in this area, among those already mentioned. Main Photo: The main photo on this page shows somewhat faded specimens. Note the wavy caps and blue stains on the stipe. Spore deposit is dark purplish-gray to very dark reddish-brown. First Photo: Specimens showing the tendency of the stipe bases to bring up large chunks of substrate tightly bound with tough rhizomorphs. Note the aqua to navy-blue stains and the wavy cap margins. Second Photo: Specimens that have not yet developed much blue staining. Note the umbonate caps that are becoming wavy, chestnut-caramel colored caps, bright white stipes, and button with a silky white cortina-type partial veil near the center. Primary confusion species are other Psilocybe , but recreational users run the risk of confusing them with potentially-deadly Galerina marginata , as well as Pholiotina or Conocybe species. All of these have more fragile stipes, bright rusty-orange spore deposits, and lack strong blue staining on all parts. Galerina marginata grp. Photo: These rusty-spored wood-chip dwellers sometimes grow right alongside Psilocybe species, posing a serious danger to inexperienced recreational pickers. The softer stipe texture, lack of blue staining, and rusty spore deposit help distinguish them. P. cyanescens and its relatives are widely cultivated and collected for recreational use by a global populaton of neuronauts and other adventure-seekers. Effects of ingestion include wondrous and/or overwhelming visual enhancements/disturbances, heightened sensations, cyclical and often “swelling” feelings of ecstasy, euphoria and connection to place, people, Nature, Time, and the Universe; but can also result in feelings of fear, unease, disconnection, and loss of sense of Self. As with any psychedelic drug, personal predispositions and psychic peculiarities in combination with details of set and setting exert a heavy influence on the tone of the trip. Mushrooms covered: See code Previous Description All Featured Fungi Next Description

Why Join FFSC? Perhaps you’ve gone out on your first foray with a friend, came back with a basket of exquisite mushrooms, and now you’ve caught the myco-bug! Where do you go from there? Andrea and Jeanne at an FFSC Members table. Photo by Vellany Pierce Maybe you learned bit about mushrooming by coming to the Fungus Fair and then studying on your own? And you’ve attended a few of our Monthly Speaker meetings and you're ready to get more involved? Why not Join FFSC? It's only $25/year, per household ! Join FFSC Now Join Our Forays and Explore the Outdoors Nothing compares with learning in the field from experienced collectors. Our foray leaders plan many outings from September to May, depending on what's growing each season. We offer free and discounted Local Forays (one-day outings) for members. Some forays are also opened to non-members if space permits. Plus, we offer reasonably priced Long Distance Forays (weekend or week-long trips) to the Sierras and North Coast for members only. Learn in the field, explore different habitats, and get out in the woods and hills with like-minded people! For the Food and Fun! We love cooking with mushrooms as much as we love finding them, and our Food and Fun (culinary) events and recipes are proof positive. We like to meet new people and have fun, so come get to know us! Formal dinners and free or low-cost potlucks are scattered throughout the year. Some are for FFSC members and their guests only; others are open to the public. Expand Your Knowledge Take it up a notch and gain a lot more knowledge by learning from and alongside a group of experienced foragers, mycologists, and mycophages! Classes and Workshops: Take your knowledge to the next level. Beginning and Intermediate mushroom ID classes are offered to FFSC members at a low cost. (Or if you're pretty knowledgeable already, help teach some classes!) Field Reports: We find more than morels when we hunt! We've collected lists of what types of mushrooms we've identified in specific areas during past forays. Field reports can only be viewed by FFSC members. Stay Connected : Connect with other members in FFSC's private discussion groups. Read about what others are finding, share photos, and get early information about upcoming forays and more. NAMA membership discount : As an FFSC member, you're eligible to join the North American Mycological Association at the Member of Affiliated Club price. FFSC Membership FAQ What is the Membership Price? A single Household Membership only costs $25/year per household. Who qualifies as a member in my household? We usually consider a "household" to include up to 2 adults (18+ years) plus minor children (under 18 years) living at the same address. Each of those individuals qualifies as an FFSC member. The single $25 annual subscription covers all of them. (They do not need to purchase separate memberships.) Each individual can participate in members-only events. Each individual is eligible for member prices/discounts (when offered). Limitation : Currently, only the primary account holder (the login associated with the membership subscription) can access members-only content and checkout as a member on this website. You are welcome to list the other members of your household in your account, so that we can look them up to confirm their membership status at events. How does the membership renewal work? You can pay for one year at a time, or choose the subscription option so that your membership automatically renews each year. The price is the same in both cases. If you choose the subscription (automatic renewal) option: Your membership starts (or renews) as of the date of payment. Your membership is processed as a subscription, and it will renew automatically every year. You'll receive an email reminder each year, a few days before the renewal. You can cancel your upcoming (next) renewal at any time from your Account. If you cancel, your current membership will still remain active until the expiration date, as long as you still have an account. If you delete your account, your membership records will be deleted as well, and will not be recoverable. What if I join during the off-season? Most FFSC activities are held during California's wild mushroom season from September to May. Membership dues are not pro-rated for members joining late in the mushroom season, because your membership will remain active through the same date the following season. You'll get the same amount of benefit per dollar regardless of when you join. Should I renew before my membership expires? If you renew early, the fee won't be pro-rated . Each year of membership begins on the date of payment, and expires a year later If you choose the subscription (auto-renewing) option, your membership will renew automatically on the stated expiration date. Just allow it to renew. (If the payment fails, you'll receive an email at your registered email address, so you can fix it.) If you choose the 1-year option, the system will send an email reminder when your membership expiration date approaches. You can login on or after the expiration date to pay for another year. Your new membership will expire 1 year from the latest date of payment. What are my membership fees and other fees used for? FFSC is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Learn more about what our fees are used for on our FFSC Financials page. Why does FFSC use PayPal as the payment processor? All of the different online systems and vendors that we use (such as this website, our domain host, Ticket Tailor, and others) support PayPal, and some include PayPal integrations. More Funds for Giving: The fact that the PayPal support is already built-in means FFSC can allocate more funds to cover scholarships, monthly speakers, etc. If we used an unsupported payment processor or multiple processors, then we would need to reallocate those funds to manage more systems. Less Complexity for FFSC Volunteers : Some of our online systems provide support for other payment processing options as well. However, PayPal is the only processor they all have in common . By using fewer payment processors, we reduce complexity (and save time) for the generous volunteer who reconciles financial reports across all our systems. Plus, our many event volunteers only need to learn one type of card reader and system, which helps us complete transactions more smoothly for participants. We re-evaluate the latest payment processing options and cross-platform integrations options periodically. If the situation changes, we'll adapt accordingly. Join FFSC Now Not Ready to Become an FFSC Member? You can still learn and get to know us! Amanita muscaria at the Fungus Fair, by Linda Williams The Santa Cruz Fungus Fair: The general public can explore a re-created wild mushroom habitat, learn from experts, and sample culinary delights at our biggest event, the Santa Cruz Fungus Fair , held over three days each January in Santa Cruz. Local Forays: Non-members are welcome to participate in some of our local forays without a member discount, when space permits. Monthly Speakers and Social Hour : Connect with others, learn from presentations by informative and renowned mycologists, and get your fungi finds properly identified at our Monthly Speakers events. Non-members are welcome to stop by to see what we're all about, but may not vote on business topics. Join our Google Group and Public Social Media : We're on social media and iNaturalist, plus we have a moderated mailing list. Visit our Contact FFSC page to learn more. Books and More: Carefully selected field guides, books, posters and other mushroom-related products are available for purchase at some club events and at the Santa Cruz Fungus Fair. We also provide free resources on this website, such as information about local mushrooms. Have fun, learn and be safe! Members Only Content Login Join FFSC

Gyromitra sp. (pig's ear). 2015. Photo by Steve Olson Found a Pig's Ear in the Woods! Steve Olejniczak Steve found this interesting mushroom while out looking for morels in Minnesota and took an iPhone picture. Location: Welch, MN Elevation: 100 ft elevation roughly Environment: Mixed hardwood forest ID confirmation pending from experts, but tentatively: Gyromitra (Discina) ancilis (pig's ear); or Neogyromitra (Gyromitra) brunnea (gabled false morel) Camera Apple iPhone Focal L. Aperture Shutter Sp. ISO Flash Photo taken on May 12, 2015 Mushroom(s) ... Previous Photo Back to Gallery Next Photo

Fomes fomentarius, the “Tinder Fungus” Most of us enjoy the process of walking through moist forests in search of fungi for the table. For some of us, it is the hope of finding a rare or unusual species that draws us to the woods. But in a time before matches and Bic lighters, a hike in the woods yielded fungi that held the promise of a fire . ... Fomes fomentarius amadou tinder. Photo by S Labiste F fomentarius (2014). Photo by Walt Sturgeon A while back, four small specimens of Fomes fomentarius were gifted to me by a friend returning from the FFSC Alaska foray. I was delighted, but not for the usual reasons. Most of us enjoy the process of walking through moist forests in search of fungi for the table. For some of us, it is the hope of finding a rare or unusual species that draws us to the woods. But in a time before matches and Bic lighters, a hike in the woods yielded fungi that held the promise of a fire. In Europe, back in the day when flint and steel started your fire, “German tinder” was sold. It was an industry of sorts involving the collection of Fomes fomentarius , a birch-loving conk. From this fungus, a light brown felt was produced with the feel and look of soft buckskin. This fungal felt is commonly known as “amadou”. This processed polypore felt had many uses. It could be fashioned into clothing like hats and vests when leather was scarce. But for German tinder, it was saturated with salt peter (potassium nitrate). This is the same stuff that gives gunpowder much of its explosive force. The folks who made the tinder didn’t necessarily know the chemistry, but they sure knew how to make tinder “quick”, quick to catch fire that is. The source for this salt came from soiled straw from stables heaps. Piled in rows, the urea in this stable waste underwent bacterial decomposition to form first calcium nitrite, then eventually calcium nitrate. Water was poured through the heap, collected, then filtered through white wood ash (containing potassium carbonate). The calcium nitrate salt converts to potassium nitrate as it reacts with the potassium carbonate. This nitrate rich solution was then decanted, sopped up with the amadou, then dried. Natural sources of potassium nitrate crystals can sometimes be collected directly from bat cave walls and old stables. ( A note of caution here . If you try this at home, and you get a little too much saltpeter in your amadou, be prepared for an explosion rather than “quick” tinder. Burn injury is a real risk.) Fomes fomentarius amadou tinder. Photo by S Labiste But Germany’s tinder manufacturers were not the first to discover the relationship between Fomes fomentarius and fire. Long before nitrate-enhanced amadou was in use, before Europe even had cities, this fungus was in use as a tinder. In 1991 a late Neolithic man melted out of a glacier in the Ötztal region of the Italian Alps. Ötzi, as he came to be named, carried tinder fungus ( Fomes fomentarius ). He may also have carried it for its medicinal qualities, but his knife shows traces of marcasite, so he apparently used the knife as a striker in his pyrite/flint fire kit. The last time he used the kit was 5,400 years ago. Most likely he needed the Fomes fomentarius he carried to kindle a fire in that alpine winter environment. Even without creating a fungal felt, the trauma layer of this conk can be scraped into a fluffy mass then ignited with a small spark. The term “amadou” can mean either the felt or the fluff from this fungus. To appreciate amadou one has to realize how difficult it can be to obtain really good tinder material in the wild. I’m talking about tinder that will catch a spark from flint and steel or flint and pyrite/marcasite without first being charred. Most flint and steel enthusiasts use charred punk wood, charred cotton cloth, or charred plant pith. Unless you carry some form of charcloth in the field with you, you have to first make a fire to make the charcloth. If you are relying on flint and steel or flint and pyrite for that fire, you are in a bit of a fix without charcloth. So it’s useful to know about tinders that work without charring. Mors Kochansky, survival guru of the boreal forest, teaches the processing and use of this tinder material. Amadou isn’t the only good tinder, but it sure is an appealing one. You will see Fomes fomentarius referred to as both "tinder fungus" and "false tinder fungus". It is also known as "horse hoof" fungus, "tinder polypore", "tinder conk" and "touchwood fungus" among others. Even more confusing, the term “false tinder fungus” is applied to both Fomes fomentarius and to a similar birch-loving conk, Phellinus igniarius . Common names can be confusing since they vary depending on the region. The terms tinder fungus and true tinder fungus are also used to describe an entirely different fungus, Inonotus obliquus (chaga). Chaga is an incredible tinder which can be used without processing, or it can be powdered, but it does not produce a felt. Like Fomes fomentarius , it is found on birch (though not exclusively birch) and is rare in our area. Amadou felt had other uses. It has an amazing ability to absorb moisture. Dentists once used it to dry teeth before a blast of air came into vogue. Podiatrists used it to pack the sides of toenails prone to inflammation. It has been used to staunch bleeding and to serve as a wound dressing. To this day fly fishermen use it to dry fishing flies and it can be purchased on line. It has medicinal qualities, was used as a razor strop, and it is even used to make “smoking hats”… wait, a flammable hat for smoking? What were those Germans and Hungarians thinking? https://medium.com/@istvan.daraban/the-worlds-last-amadou-makers-korond-iii-9694114ffa4a Then too, the tube layer has its use in relation to fire. A small section of the tubes, set to rest in a pool of fat or oil becomes a wick for a candle. It draws the liquid to the flame and remains unconsumed until the oil is completely burned. It, and the tubes of other polypores, appear to have been used as wicks in the fat lamps of Cro-Magnon man. No wonder it flaunts its relationship to fire in its name. The Latin word fōmĕs means touchwood or tinder. Mushrooms covered: Fomes fomentarius (tinder fungus, hoof fungus) Previous Description All Featured Fungi Next Description

Porcini Soup Robin Morris shared this wonderful Porcini soup recipe. Enjoy! ... Boletus edulis. Photo by Hugh Smith When cooking with fresh-picked porcini, I like to peel the cap and cut off the tough outside of the stipe. I include tubes only if fresh and not buggy... Objective: Soup Total Time: 30-45 mins Yield: Suggested Mushrooms: See code Ingredients 1 ½ – 2 lbs Porcini, cut in 1/2 in. chunks, dry sautéed till light brown 2 c cream 2 c chicken broth (low sodium style) 2 stalks celery, de-veined and cut small 2 thin carrots, cut small 1 shallot 1/2 red onion, chopped 3 Tbl Plugra or other good butter 1/2 tsp thyme I Tbl parsley Method Heat chicken broth with carrots. Sauté shallot, onion, and parsley in butter 7 minutes. Cover for 3 additional minutes. Combine broth with mushrooms and all else, including cream and celery, reduce 25 mins. Serve with toasted bread and butter or cheese Previous Recipe All Recipes Next Recipe

News & Stories / Mycology & Art News Stephen Axfords Macro Lens Photography This other-worldly view of fungi from New South Wales, Australia should not be missed. Cortinarius • May 20, 2014 These specimens look like oysters holding silver pearls. This image is hosted on www.dailymail.co.uk . © Stephen Axford/Hotspot Media Axford’s work is 12 years in the making, and worth a look. Much of his work allows us to see structure and detail otherwise invisible. The images are jaw dropping, crisp and colorful. Some are even glow-in-the-dark. For more, visit the website below. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2630349/Now-theyre-magic-mushrooms-Amazing-images-reveal-glow-dark-fungi-lighting-forests-alien-like-toadstools.html Members Only Content Login Join FFSC Related Posts Forager's Feast Photo Album Mushroom Photo Exhibition Previous Article All News & Stories Next Article

FFSC History In the Fall of 1984, 20 people attended the first meeting of the Fungus Federation of Santa Cruz. The club was founded to make learning about wild mushrooms interesting to both science oriented and curious naturalists alike, and above all to make the hunt and ID fun for everyone and their families. First Duff Illustration Spores The Fungus Federation of Santa Cruz (FFSC) was founded by David Arora in 1984. There were two Fungus Federations before ours, one in Pasadena, CA and one at University of California Santa Cruz. First newsletter and invitation to join FFSC The idea to form a mushroom club in Santa Cruz grew out of David's fungus fairs held at the Santa Cruz Natural History Museum (1974), Sanborn Park in Saratoga, CA, and Coyote Point in the San Francisco Bay Area. These fairs were well attended by curious members of the public, encouraged by the museums as a public event. Requests by interested persons for more information led to classes on taxonomy, field trips, and eventually his published field guide Mushrooms Demystified. (Which came to be known among FFSC members as "the Bible".) Hyphae David Arora drew interested parties from the rosters of his classes, and his fellow fungifiles in Santa Cruz, to discuss the formation of a club and to see who among them would be willing to participate in such a venture. They would hold monthly meetings during the mushroom season to discuss fungi appearing that month, have general identification discussions, speakers, and have group forays to local areas to gather mushrooms and learn about habitat. The club would also be responsible for gathering mushrooms for the Fungus Fair. The club's first newsletter in 1984 would be entitled The Federation Flyer , renamed to Ascus the following month, and to Duff a year later. Not everyone was enthusiastic about local forays. Fearing they might lose the secrecy of their hunting spots. Nevertheless, in the Fall of 1984 the first meeting of the Fungus Federation of Santa Cruz was held at the Natural History Museum and was attended by about 20 people. Officers were appointed and volunteers accepted to run the organization with a $25.00 annual membership fee. David named the officers "Ministers" to keep everyone from taking themselves too seriously. Among those in attendance were: Luen Miller, Newsletter editor and Mushroom of the Month writer; Bob Sellers, Foray leader and newsletter contributor; Craig Mitchell, membership; Ed Aguilar, Long Distance foray leader; Joe DeSmet, Treasurer and Non-profit organizer; Bo Heinricks, writer; Lia Matera, author of Mushroom Mystery books; Shea Moss, Culinary Coordinator; Jerry Moss, member; Anne, member; Joy Churchman, member; Bill McGuire, member; John Anderson, Museum Director; Patricia, head of museum volunteers, and David Arora, Founder. The underlying purpose of the club was to make learning about wild mushrooms interesting to both science oriented and curious naturalists alike, and above all to make the hunt and ID fun for everyone including their families. Announcement of the 1984 Fungus Fair in Ascus newsletter The first FFSC-sponsored Fungus Fair was held at the Santa Cruz City Museum (now the Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History) and was attended by record crowds. Club members now swollen to 50 and their families were enlisted to hunt in organized forays the week prior to the fair. Volunteers turned the museum into a sylvan forest using local materials, and filled baskets with mushrooms identified and tagged so onlookers could compare them to what they might see while walking in the woods or their backyards. Books on fungi, t-shirts and aprons were sold. Miriam Rice gave a demonstration of mushroom dyes. Chanterelle soup and CandyCap cookies were available for sale to pique the interest of those on the fringe of "why hunt wild mushrooms?" And The FFSC was on its way. It was not long before the Natural History Museum could no longer hold all the people who were drawn to the Fungus Fair. 1998 Fungus Fair Recap in the Duff newsletter In 1998, the Fair was held at Harvey West Park, with great success. In 1999, the new location became the Loudon Nelson Community Center (now corrected to Lo n don Nelson) in downtown Santa Cruz. A large auditorium was available to house the Fair, and 5 classrooms were available to provide space for speakers, vendors, and a kids room, and a cafeteria to hold a sold out "After hours dinner" on Friday night. Mycelium The FFSC has gained recognition as a major player in mycological organizations in North America, Mexico, and Europe. Phil Carpenter, who joined in 1984, continues to teach Mushroom ID workshops, which garner both scientific and culinary interest and routinely sell out. One of our members, Christian Schwartz, a Mycologist at University of California Santa Cruz, put forward a proposal for a new documented library of species identification with DNA testing and the FFSC embraced it. We reached out to the North American Mycological Association to include other mushroom clubs to help with the funding and to contribute fungus species. A scholarship program for university students interested in pursuing the study of fungi was instituted in the late 90s. "Fungus Fair postponed due to good weather" --Calendar page from 1987 Duff Since 1984, the paid membership has grown from 20 to over 425 family and individual memberships. Each year there are more forays, events, and speakers. Numerous local forays are held for members and the general public weekly during the season. Long Distance forays to the Sierra, Mendocino, Sonoma County, and Alaska are held in Fall, Spring, and Summer. The Duff newsletter evolved from print to PDF, and then to an earlier version of this website. In 1998 the FFSC sponsored the North American Mycological Association foray at Asilomar. 500+ Guests from all mushroom clubs in North America attended. Member dinners and parties included: The Holiday Potluck in December, Celebrity Chef pop up dinners, the Friday night After Hours Dinner after the Fair, Wine and Mushroom Dinner, and the Continental Beer Picnic (now called Suds & 'Shrooms). All long distance forays included a potluck dinner -- whether camping or staying in lodging. We published the final Duff newsletter in May 2013, and published all content online thereafter. In January 2024 we celebrated the 50th Fungus Fair in Santa Cruz. This was the 37th fair organized by the FFSC—each succeeding fair drawing more people than the last. Nearly 6,000 paying guests were noted at the 2024 Fungus Fair. This count did not include children under 12, who were admitted free of charge, or the school classes and seniors admitted for free to the Friday afternoon opening of the 50th Fair. 2025 Fungus Fair Volunteers. Photo by Peter Mu The attitude fostered by the FFSC is "Keeping the fun in fungus". We know each other. We help each other learn and include one and all into our fold. We work hard, we play hard. Many enduring friendships have evolved. Lifelong partnerships, weddings etc, are common. Science, the Hunt, the food and wine are all part of the package. One visiting mycologist from out of State attended a party with me after an exhausting day at the fair. He was greeted with hugs and acceptance by all. He remarked in awe, "This is not just any mushroom club, you are all friends." When it rains it spores! Shea Moss Members Only Content Login Join FFSC